I-allergy fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) yimeko engapheliyo (eqhubekayo) yokudumba kwe-sinus apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isabela ngokugqithisileyo kwi-fungi emoyeni efana nokungunda okanye i-yeast (impendulo yokunyamezelana). Le mpendulo ibangela i-mucus etyebileyo, ukudumba, kunye ne-sinus ezivalekileyo.

I-AFRS inokuchaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngokuthi:

  • Ukwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla ngeempumlo zakho.
  • Ukwenza kube nzima ukuvumba nokungcamla ukutya.
  • Okubangela iingxaki zokulala.
  • Okukhokelela ekuphoxekeni nasekuxinezelekeni.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-AFRS

Ezinye iimpawu ze-AFRS zifana nokosuleleka yi-sinus eqhelekileyo.

  • Ukudumba (ukudumba) empumlweni
  • Impumlo evalekileyo rhoqo (ukuxinana kwempumlo)
  • Impumlo enemifinya
  • Ukuthontsiza kwasemva kweempumlo
  • Uxinzelelo lweSinus kunye nentloko ebuhlungu
  • Ukulahleka kwevumba
  • I-mucus etyebileyo (i-mucus efana nebhotolo yamandongomane)

I-AFRS inokuchaphazela icala elinye lempumlo/ii-sinus. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-AFRS inokubangela ukukhukuliseka kwamathambo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokubona.

Malunga ne-5-15% kubantu abane-rhinosinusitis engapheliyo bane-AFRS.

Indlela i-AFRS eyahluke ngayo kwezinye iingxaki zeSinus

I-Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) yahlukile kwiintsholongwane ezininzi ze-sinus. Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ze-sinus zenzeka xa iintsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya zingena kwii-sinus zakho zize zibangele usulelo. Kwelinye icala, i-AFRS, ayikho okubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezithatha indawo yazo. Endaweni yoko, kwenzeka xa umzimba wakho usabela ngokugqithisileyo kwifungi (njengomngundo) emoyeni.

Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-sinus ludla ngokuba lolwexesha elifutshane, kodwa i-AFRS ibangela iimpawu eziqhubekayo nezingapheliyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-AFRS kunye nokuxilongwa

Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango.

Uvavanyo lwe-AFRS lungabandakanya:

  • CT scan: i-X-ray ekhethekileyo ye-3D ethatha iifoto ezineenkcukacha zeendlela zokungena empumlweni nakwi-sinus (xa zifumaneka)
  • Endoscopy: uvavanyo lwempumlo ngekhamera encinci ukujonga ngaphakathi kwi-sinus yakho
  • Uvavanyo lweLabhoratri yeMucus okanye yeTissue (Biopsy): Ilebhu ivavanya iisampulu ezincinci ze-mucus okanye izicubu ukuze ibone ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangele ukudumba.

Sebenzisa yethu Ikhadi lam lokutyelelwa le-AFRS xa udibana nogqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo. Inokukunceda ukuba unxibelelane ngcono ngeempawu zakho kwaye ukhumbule ukubuza imibuzo ebalulekileyo.

Ikhadi lam lokutyelelwa le-AFRS

Sebenzisa iKhadi lethu lokuTyelela i-My AFRS xa udibana nogqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo. Liquka imibuzo ebalulekileyo onokuyibuza malunga ne-allergy fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), ukusuka ekuxilongweni kunye neendlela zonyango ukuya kwiimpawu zesilumkiso, kunye nesixhobo sokulandelela iimpawu ukukunceda ujonge kwaye wabelane ngamava akho kuyo yonke idinga.

Khuphella ngoku

Izizathu ze-AFRS

I-AFRS yenzeka xa umntu enenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kakhulu (enganyamezelaniyo neyi-allergy) esabela kwi-fungi. Uninzi lwabantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba eziphilileyo bayayinyamezela le fungi ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Ezinye izinto zinokubangela le mpendulo kubantu abane-AFRS.

  • Genetics: Abanye abantu bazalwa benenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kakhulu esabela kwiintsholongwane ezincinci zefungus.
  • okusingqongileyo: Iimozulu ezifudumeleyo nezifumileyo zinokubangela usulelo kubantu abane-AFRS.
  • Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwi-sinus okungahambi kakuhle: Iindlela ezincinci zokungena kwe-sinus kunye nokudumba kunokuthintela ukuphuma kwe-mucus kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela ukubamba ii-spores ze-mold kwi-sinus. Kwabanye abantu, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isabela ngokugqithisileyo kwi-mold ebambekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudumbeni okubonwa kwi-AFRS.
  • Ukutshaya i-cannabis okanye ukusebenzisa i-hookah: Ezi zinto zidibene ne-AFRS. Zombini zigcina amasuntswana esikhunta kwaye zinokuveza iindlela zomoya kwisikhunta. Zinokwenza buthathaka izakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neenwele (cilia) kwiindlela zomoya ezinceda ekususeni amasuntswana ayingozi. Nangona ubungqina obudibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis okanye i-hookah ngqo kwi-AFRS buncinci kwaye abunakuqinisekiswa, ezi mpawu zinokuba ziimpawu ezinokubangela umngcipheko.

Iimeko zeMpilo eziNxulumeneyo (ezibangela uxinezeleko)

Izimo ezibangela ukugula zezinye izifo umntu anazo xa ene-AFRS. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi meko zenzeka ngenxa yempendulo efanayo yomzimba yokunganyamezelani.

Iimeko eziqhelekileyo ze-comorbid ziquka:

  • Isifuba
  • I-rhinitis ekwaliwayo (hay fever)
  • Iipolyps zempumlo
  • Isinusitis engapheliyo

Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abane-AFRS babe nembali yezifo ezibangelwa kukwaliwa, ezifana ne-allergy rhinitis kunye ne-asthma. Ezi meko zonke ziquka impendulo yomzimba engasebenzi kakuhle kwizinto ezikwindalo esingqongileyo.

I-AFRS ikwanxulunyaniswa nee-nasal polyps, ezingamaqhuma athambileyo, angengomhlaza empumlweni anokubamba i-mucus aze enze kube nzima ukuphefumla.

Abanye abantu banokuba nokudumba okungapheliyo, njenge-sinusitis engapheliyo.

Xa ezi meko zempilo zisenzeka ngaxeshanye, iimpawu zinokuba zimbi ngakumbi kwaye kube nzima ukuzilawula.

Indlela yokulawula i-AFRS ixesha elide

Ukuze ulawule i-AFRS ixesha elide, kuya kufuneka usebenzisane neqela lezonyango eliquka umboneleli wakho oyintloko, ugqirha wendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT), kunye nengcali ye-allergy.

Ukulawula i-AFRS kufuna isicwangciso sexesha elide sokuthintela ukudumba nokudumba kunye nokuthintela ukuba i-mucus ingaphinde iqokeleleke. Ekubeni inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlala isabela kakhulu kwi-fungi esemoyeni, kufuneka ube nenkqubo yemihla ngemihla yokugcina ii-sinus zakho zicocekile.

Iqela lakho lezempilo linokukunceda uphuhlise isicwangciso.

  • Ukuhlamba impumlo: Sebenzisa amanzi anetyuwa imihla ngemihla ukuze uhlambe impumlo yakho ukuze ukhuphe “umgibe.” Ezi hlamba zicoca iifungi kunye ne-mucus etyebileyo ukuze zingaqokelelani zize zibangele usulelo.
  • IiSteroids: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza e-steroid (afakwe kwi-topical okanye kwi-tablet) ukuze unciphise ukudumba.
  • I-Biologics: I-Biologics ngamayeza anokuthintela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuba angasabela ngokugqithisileyo kwisikhunta/i-fungus. Azisusi nje kuphela ii-sinuses; zinokutshintsha nendlela amasosha omzimba wakho asabela ngayo kwi-fungi. Okwangoku kukho enye i-biologic evunyiweyo kwihlabathi liphela ye-AFRS (dupilumab).
  • Lawula ii-allergies zakho: Ekubeni i-AFRS ibangela ukuba umntu angabi naso isifo se-allergy, ukulawula ezinye ii-allergies zakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza okanye inaliti ye-allergy.
  • Utyando: Usenokufuna utyando lwe-sinus ukuba unyango alusebenzi okanye ukuba uvalekile ngenxa yee-polyps zempumlo.

Kutheni i-AFRS Ihlala Ibuya

I-AFRS idla ngokubuya kuba yimeko engapheliyo, kwaye ayisiyosulelo lwe-sinus lwexesha elifutshane. Nokuba emva kokuba iimpawu zakho zilawulwa ngotyando okanye amayeza, umzimba usenempendulo kwi-fungus spores ezihlala zisemoyeni. Xa uphefumla ezi spores, zingena kwi-sinus yakho. Ukuba ii-sinus zakho azizikhuphi, i-fungus iyabanjwa, kwaye usulelo lunokubuya.

Imiqobo kwiZiphumo eziBalaseleyo

Ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo nge-AFRS kunokuba nzima kuba yimeko engapheliyo edla ngokufuna unyango oluqhubekayo. Ezinye izithintelo eziqhelekileyo zinokwenza kube nzima. Esinye isithintelo esiqhelekileyo kukuba ndingaqhubeka ndibuyaNokuba unyango lukhona, lunokuphinda lubuye ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kwaye kube nzima ukuyilawula.

Kunokuba nzima ukuxilonga i-AFRS. Ekubeni i-AFRS inokufana nezinye izifo ze-sinus, oogqirha basenokungayiboni kwangoko, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulibazisekeni kokufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunye neempawu eziya ziba mandundu.

Ukufikelela ngokungaguqukiyo kunyango olusekelwe kwizikhokelo ikwangumqobo ekufumaneni isicwangciso sonyango esingcono. I-AFRS ifuna iqela elikhethekileyo elinoogqirha abaninzi (unyango oluphambili, oogqirha be-ENT, kunye noogqirha be-allergy). Abanye oogqirha abaqhelananga ne-AFRS, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba uxilongo lucothiswe kwaye lucwangciswe. Nokuba uxilongo lufunyenwe, akukho zikhokelo zithile kwi-AFRS, nto leyo ethetha ukuba unyango aluhambelani kangako, kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo luyacothiswa.

Ezinye izigulana zisenokungakwazi ukufikelela koogqirha abaziingcali okanye usenokuba nayo imiqobo yezemali ngenxa yeinshorensi yezempilo okanye iindleko zonyango.

Ukungafumani amaxesha okulandela emva kotyelelo lolunye umqobo oqhelekileyo. Abantu abane-AFRS bafuna ukuvavanywa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ilawulwa. Oogqirha banokukunceda uqaphele "ukwanda" ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuziva iimpawu, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungaphoswa ziintlanganiso.

Izinto ezibangela ukwenzeka kwendalo, ezifana nokungunda okanye ezinye iifungi, zinokubangela ukudumba. Ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle, zinokwenza kube nzima ukuba unyango lusebenze, kwaye iimpawu zingaqhubeka zibuya.

Unyango lunokuba nzima. Izicwangciso zonyango ngamanye amaxesha zifuna utyando kunye namayeza emihla ngemihla, njengee-steroids. Ekubeni kungekho nyango, ukulawula i-AFRS ixesha elide kubalulekile, kwaye izigulana kufuneka zinamathele kwisicwangciso sonyango. Ngaphandle kokulandela isicwangciso ngokusondeleyo, iimpawu zinokubuya okanye zibe mandundu.

Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-steroid inokubangela iingxaki. Nangona ii-steroids zisebenza ukunciphisa ukudumba, ukuzisebenzisa rhoqo kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi, njengomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutyeba, kunye nobuthathaka bamathambo.

Iingcebiso Zempumelelo Nokuphila Kakuhle Nge-AFRS

Ukuphila ne-AFRS kufuna unonophelo oluqhubekayo, kodwa abantu abaninzi banokuzilawula kakuhle iimpawu ngemikhwa elungileyo kunye nokulandelela.

  • Hlala unolwazi ngeziganeko zokulandelela. Ukutyelela rhoqo ugqirha wakho we-ENT okanye ugqirha we-allergy kunokunceda ekufumaneni ukudumba kwangethuba.
  • Sebenzisa unyango lwemihla ngemihla njengoko kuyalelwe. Izitshizi zeempumlo, ukuhlamba, kunye namanye amayeza asebenza kakuhle xa zisetyenziswa njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
  • Sebenzisa rhoqo ii-saline cleans ukunceda ukususa i-mucus kunye nezinto ezikucaphukisayo kwiimpumlo zakho.
  • Lawula ii-aleji. Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho we-allergy ukulawula i-allergy, enokunciphisa ukudumba kwaye inciphise iingxaki ze-sinus. Ungacinga ngokuxoxa nge-immunotherapy (umz., imijovo ye-allergy) ngokuchasene ne-molds, ukuze ukhuthaze ukunyamezela i-allergens ukuze umzimba ungasabeli ngokugqithisileyo.
  • Ziphephe izinto ezibangela loo nto xa kunokwenzeka. Ziphephe izinto ezibangela oku, njengothuli, ukungunda, kunye nentsangu etshayiweyo kangangoko unako.
  • Landelela iimpawu, kwaye ujonge iimpawu zokuqala. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uqaphela ukubuyela kokuxinana, i-mucus etyebileyo, okanye uxinzelelo lwe-sinus, ukuze ufumane unyango kwangethuba.
  • Thatha ii-steroids kuphela njengoko kuchazwe ngumyalelo. Ii-steroids zinokunciphisa ukudumba, kodwa ukuzithatha rhoqo kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ungaze uzithathe rhoqo kunokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.
  • Gcina ikhaya lisempilweni ngokugcina indlu yakho yomile, kwaye usebenzise izihluzi zomoya (ii-HEPA filters) ukunciphisa iifungi emoyeni owuphefumlayo.
  • Sebenzisa imikhwa yokuphila enempilo xa unyangwa ngugqirha. Nangona zingelulo unyango lwe-AFRS, ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuzilolonga kunye nesicwangciso sakho sonyango kunokunceda ukukhulisa amasosha omzimba wakho kunye nokuphucula impilo iyonke kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Yibayinxalenye

Sasaza iindaba malunga ne-AFRS nge ukwabelana ngezixhobo zephulo kunye nokukhuthaza abahlobo kunye nosapho ukuba bafunde ngakumbi nge-AFRS.

Khuphela i-AFRS Campaign Toolkit yakho

Ucaphulo

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