Yintoni uKhohlokhohlo oluNgapheliyo?

Ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo lukhohlokhohlo oluthatha ngaphezu kweeveki ezisi-8. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yokuba imithambo-luvo emqaleni kunye neendlela zomoya zinovakalelo olungaphezulu. Oku kunokuqala emva kosulelo olufana nokhohlokhohlo, COVID-19, okanye umkhuhlane.

Abantu abanokhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo bahlala beqaphela ukuba izinto zemihla ngemihla zinokubangela ukukhohlela kwabo. Ezi zinto zicaphukisayo zinokuquka ivumba elinamandla (umzekelo, izinto ezihlaziya umoya, izikhupha-vumba, iziqhumiso kwiinhaler), utshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu (kubanda ukuya kushushu kwaye kushushu ukuya kubanda), nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuma (ukulala phantsi ebusuku nasemva kokuvuka ekuseni). Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukhohlokhohlo zinokuquka ukuhleka okanye ukuthetha, ngakumbi efowunini.

UKhohlokhohlo oluNgapheliyo iNavigator yesigulana

Ukukhwehlela yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuzikhusela enceda ekukhuseleni umzimba ngokususa izinto ezikucaphukisayo kwimibhobho yomoya. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukukhwehlela kuqhubeka ixesha elide, kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki yempilo efihlakeleyo.

Ichazwa njengokukhwehlela okuhlala iiveki ezingaphezu kwezi-8 kubantu abadala okanye ngaphezulu kweeveki ezi-4 ebantwaneni. Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunokuchaphazela ukulala, imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Iimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zinokubangela ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, kubandakanya i-asthma, iingxaki ze-sinus, i-acid reflux, kunye namayeza athile. Kwezinye iimeko, ukukhwehlela kunokuqhubeka nokuba emva kokuba izizathu eziqhelekileyo zinyangiwe.

Ngenxa yokuba zininzi izizathu ezinokubakho, ukuqonda ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinto edidayo. Ulwazi olungezantsi lwenzelwe ukukunceda ufunde ngakumbi malunga noku:

  • yintoni ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
  • iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezibangela oko
  • iimeko ezinokubakho ezisisiseko
  • indlela efunyaniswa ngayo ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
  • iinketho zonyango kunye nezicwangciso zokumelana

Sebenzisa iPatient Navigator engezantsi ukuze uhlolisise umxholo ngamnye kwaye ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunye nendlela okunokulawulwa ngayo. Xa sele uluhlolisisile lonke ulwazi, thatha uvavanyo ukuze uvavanye oko ukufundileyo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zokhohlokhohlo, ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo ludla ngokuvelisa i-mucus encinci okanye ingabikho. Kananjalo ayiqhelekanga ukudityaniswa naziphi na iimpawu “zeflegi ebomvu” njengokukhohlela igazi okanye ukuncipha kobunzima obuninzi. Ingenziwa ibe mbi ngakumbi ngeemeko ezifana ne-asthma, iingxaki ze-sinus okanye i-post-nasal drip, kunye ne-acid reflux (GERD).  

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha basebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo okhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo kunye nezizathu ezahlukeneyo okanye izinto ezibangelayo.

  • Ngamanye amaxesha ukhohlokhohlo alupheli nasemva kokuba oogqirha benyanga ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo. Oku kubizwa UKhohlokhohlo oluNgapheliyo.
  • Ukuba akukho sizathu sicacileyo sifunyenweyo, siyabizwa Ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo lwe-idiopathic. 
  • Abantu abaninzi banalo I-Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome, or ukhohlokhohlo lwe-neurogenic, apho imithambo-luvo yendlela yomoya ibuthathaka ngokugqithisileyo. 
  • Ukhohlokhohlo oluhlala ixesha elide lunokwenzeka nakwizifo zemiphunga.
    • Omnye umzekelo ngulo Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), imeko apho imiphunga iba lukhuni kwaye ibe namanxeba. 
    • Omnye umzekelo Izifo zeMiphunga eNgaphakathi (ILDs), liqela leemeko ezibangela ukudumba okanye amanxeba emiphungeni. Ukwazi ezi ntlobo kunceda izigulane kunye noogqirha bakhethe ukhathalelo olungcono.

Ukuphila nokhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumgangatho wobomi. Ukukhohlela rhoqo kunokudinisa, ngakumbi ukuba kuphazamisa ubuthongo kwaye kukhokelela ekudinweni okukhulu. 

Ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo lusenokuziva luneentloni, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba abanye abantu baphephe iimeko zentlalo baze babe bodwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni uzive udakumbile okanye udandatheke. 

Ukukhohlela okunamandla ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki, ezinje:

  • Ukugabha okanye ukugabha
  • Uxinzelelo lwe-urinary incontinence (umchamo ovuzayo ngexesha lokukhohlela), nto leyo ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini
  • Iintlungu zembambo, okanye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuphuka kweembambo
  • Ukufa isiqaqa okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla (syncope)

Oogqirha badla ngokubona ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Sekunjalo, kubalulekile ukulawula iimeko ezinzulu, ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga (ingakumbi kubantu abatshayayo okanye ababekade betshaya) okanye iimeko zemiphunga ezifana ne-fibrosis. 

Kwezinye izifo zemiphunga, ezifana ne-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) okanye ezinye izifo ze-lung interstitial (ILDs), ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kunokwabelana ngovakalelo lwemithambo-luvo olubonwa kuKhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo (RCC). Nangona kunjalo, kwi-IPF, ukukhohlela rhoqo kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi kwimiphunga. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha bahlala besebenzisa umfanekiso okhethekileyo, njenge-high-resolution CT scans (HRCT), ukukhupha ezi meko ngaphambi kokuba baqhubele phambili ngonyango olungapheliyo lokukhohlela.

Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ziquka: 

  • Umfanekiso wemiphunga
    • I-X-reyi okanye i-CT scans inceda ukukhuphela ngaphandle isifo esibi kwaye inokukhomba iimeko ezibangela ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo 
  • Umsebenzi weLebhu
    • Ichonga iimpawu zokudumba okanye ukwalana negazi lakho okanye isikhohlela (phlegm) 
  • Iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwemiphunga
    • Ezi zijonga ukuba isebenza kakuhle kangakanani imiphunga yakho kwaye zinokunceda ukufumanisa iimeko ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-spirometry, kodwa unokuba nolunye uvavanyo lomthamo wemiphunga okanye indlela imiphunga yakho etshintshisa ngayo ioksijini kunye necarbon dioxide.
  • Uvavanyo kusetyenziswa isikophu (ikhamera ekwityhubhu)
    Kwiimeko apho ugqirha wakho engakwaziyo ukufumanisa unobangela wokhohlokhohlo lwakho, unoku-odola uvavanyo olukhethekileyo (ikhamera) olunje:
    • I-Rhinoscopy - ejonga kwi-sinus kunye neempumlo zempumlo
    • I-bronchoscopy - ijonge ngqo kwiindlela zomoya kunye nemiphunga. Ngamanye amaxesha baya kuthatha isampulu yethishu encinci (i-biopsy) yovavanyo lwaselebhu.
  • Ukujonga ukhohlokhohlo ukulandelela ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo

Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye ii -apps zinokulandela ukuba ukhohlela kangakanani na. Oku kunceda wena, umkhathaleli wakho, kunye nogqirha wakho nibone ukuba unyango luyasebenza kwaye unyango lwakho lufuna ukulungiswa.

Olona nyango lulungileyo luxhomekeke kunobangela wokukhohlela kwakho. Ukuba oogqirha banokufumana kwaye banyange imeko esisiseko, efana ne-asthma, i-reflux, okanye i-allergies, ukhohlokhohlo luhlala luphucuka.

Ukuba akukho sizathu sifunyenweyo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic chronic cough, unyango lunokuba ngumngeni. Nazi ezinye iindlela ugqirha wakho anokuthi axoxe ngazo nawe.

  • Amayeza okukhohlela

Amachiza okucinezela ukhohlokhohlo maxa wambi ayacetyiswa, kodwa awadli ngokusebenza kakuhle kukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo.

  • Amayeza kagqirha
    • Ii-opiates (ezifana ne-codeine, i-diamorphine, okanye i-morphine) zinokumiselwa kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa kuphela phantsi kweliso elibukhali likagqirha.
    • Amayeza amatsha, abizwa ngokuba yi-P2X3 receptor antagonists, athomalalisa imicu ye-nerve esebenza ngokugqithisileyo kumoya, ayafumaneka kwamanye amazwe kubantu abadala abanokhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo olungaphenduliyo kolunye unyango. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba ezi ziyafumaneka apho uhlala khona.
  • Uthethelo lweelwimi kunye neelwimi

Ubuchule obukhethekileyo obufundiswa ngabanyangi bunokukunceda ukulawula ukukhohlela kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. 

  • UbuChwephesha bokuCoca indlela yomoya

Ukuzilolonga okanye izixhobo ezithile kunokunceda ukususa i-mucus kwindlela yomoya, ukuba leyo yenye yeempawu zakho. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukhohlokhohlo oluvelisayo aludli ngokufumaneka kukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo. Ukuba uvelisa isikhohlela, thetha nogqirha wakho.

  • Unyango lwasekhaya 

Ukuhlala u-hydrated, usebenzisa i-humidifier, ukufunxa iilozenji, okanye ukusela iti eshushu enobusi kunokunciphisa ukucaphuka komqala.

  • Indlela yokuphila 

Ukuphepha umsi, ungcoliseko, kunye nomsi wekhemikhali kunokwehlisa umngcipheko wakho. Ukuba uyatshaya, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuyeka okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso.

  • Iigonya

Ukuhlala ulandela ugonyo olucetyiswayo kunceda ukukhusela imiphunga yakho kunye nempilo iyonke.Funda ngakumbi Apha malunga namandla okugonya kubantu abanesifo esingapheliyo sokuphefumla.

Uninzi lwabantu abanokhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo baqala babone ugqirha weentsapho zabo, ugqirha wabantwana (abantwana) okanye ugqirha wesiqhelo kwindawo abahlala kuyo. Ukuba ukhohlokhohlo luyaqhubeka, ungathunyelwa kwingcali efana nale:

  • I-Pulmonologist - ugqirha wemiphunga
  • I-Allergist - ingcali yokwaliwa
  • I-Gastroenterologist - ugqirha wenkqubo yokutya
  • I-Otolaryngologist - indlebe, impumlo kunye nogqirha womqala, owaziwa ngokuba yi-ENT)

Izinto ezithile zinokukwenza ukuba ukhule ngakumbi okanye ugcine ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo. Eminye imingcipheko enokuthi iphetshwe okanye incitshiswe yile:

  • ukutshaya
    • Abantu abatshayayo badla ngokukhohlela kwasekuseni okunokuphucula emva kokuba beyekile ukutshaya. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutshaya iisigarethi ezili-100 ebomini kuphinda kabini okanye kathathu umngcipheko wokukhohlela okungapheliyo xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangatshayiyo.
  • Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi okanye i-ACE inhibitors (ACE 1)
    • Amanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (lawo aphela nge-pril, njenge-lisinopril) abangela ukukhohlela ukuya kuthi ga kumntu om-1 kwaba-10. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukutshintshela kwelinye iyeza elidla ngokubanga ukhohlokhohlo.
  • Okusingqongileyo/Izingcolisi zomoya 

Ukuba kufutshane nomsi, uthuli, okanye imichiza kunokubangela ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo.

  • Abantu abatshayayo: ukuhlala okanye ukuba kunye nabantu abatshayayo.
  • Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi nangaphandle: uthuli, iikhemikhali, amafutha okupheka angaphakathi, okanye amanye amasuntswana omoya acaphukisa imiphunga.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo luchaphazela abantu kwiminyaka yonke, isini, kunye nezizwe, eyona iprofayili ixhaphakileyo ngabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 yobuhlanga obumhlophe.

Ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo luchaphazela abantu kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa indlela oluxhaphake ngayo lunokwahluka ngokwengingqi. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ixelwa rhoqo kwiindawo ezinjengeOstreliya neNew Zealand (ngaphezu kwe-20% yabantu) kwaye kaninzi eAsia, eLatin America, naseAfrika. EMntla Melika naseYurophu, malunga ne-10-15% yabantu babika ukukhohlela okungapheliyo.

Izizathu zalo mahluko aziqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Basenokuba ngenxa yokungaxelwanga, iiyantlukwano kuxilongo olufana nokubhalwa njenge-asthma okanye i-allergies, endaweni yoko, okanye imiba yokusingqongileyo okanye yemfuzo.

Abaphandi bafunda amayeza amatsha okunyanga ngcono ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo, kwaye amanye akumanqanaba okugqibela ovavanyo.

I-GAAPP iyaluxhasa olu phando kwaye inceda ukudibanisa izigulane ngolwazi malunga nolingo lweklinikhiUkufumana ulingo lwezonyango lokugaya abantu kwindawo yakho, unokukhangela irejistri yolingo. klinikhi.gov usebenzisa amagama anje “ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo,” ukongeza indawo okuyo (ilizwe) kwaye ukhethe “Ukuqesha kwaye awukaqeshwa izifundo.”

Iiflaya zeMfundo

umxokozelo
umxokozelo

Misa imfundo yakho ngokuKhohlela kunye nenkqubo kanozakuzaku wesigulana 

Kwinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwesifo sokuphefumla esingapheliyo, ngo-Epreli ka-2024 i-GAAPP idibanise imikhosi kunye ne-Esperity, umntu ohamba phambili kwizisombululo zokhathalelo lwezempilo, ukwazisa i-portal ye-art ezinikele kukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo, nogxininiso oluthile. ukhohlokhohlo olungapheliyo. Le ntsebenziswano imiselwe ukuphakamisa ulwazi kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zolu luntu lwezigulane lungagcinwanga ngokunikezela ngezibonelelo zemfundo ezibanzi kunye nenkqubo yoMmeli weZigulane enzulu.

Misa ukhohlokhohlo lwakho

Ucaphulo

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Umxholo uhlaziywe lilungu le-GAAPP Clinical and Scientific Advisory Panel