Ukuba unayo COPD (isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary) okanye ukukhathalela umntu okwenzayo, unokuzibuza malunga nobunzima beCOPD, ubude bokuphila (ixesha eliqikelelweyo lomntu uya kuphila kunye nokuxilongwa kwakhe), kunye notshintsho onokuthi ulwenzele iziphumo ezingcono zempilo kunye nawe. I-COPD.

I-COPD sisifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (esihlala ixesha elide) esinokuthi sibe mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona lungekho unyango lwe-COPD, unyango lukhona olunokucothisa ukuqhubeka kweempawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Izandla ezibambe imiphunga yomfuziselo

Ukuvavanya ubunzima beCOPD, iingcali zisebenzisa i-Global Initiative kwi-Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) inkqubo. Le nkqubo isebenzisa uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-force expiratory volume (FEV1). I-FEV1 uvavanyo lujonga ubungakanani bomoya umntu anokuwuphefumla ngenkani ngomzuzwana omnye, esebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-spirometer.

Ngokwenkqubo yeGOLIDE, kukho zigaba ezine zeCOPD:

  1. I-COPD ephakathi = IGOLIDE 1 (FEV1 yi ≥ 80%)
  2. I-COPD ephakathi = IGOLIDE 2 (FEV1 iphakathi kwe 50-79%)
  3. I-COPD enzima = IGOLIDE 3 (FEV1 iphakathi kwe 30-49%)
  4. I-COPD enzima kakhulu = IGOLIDE 4 (FEV1 yi< 30%)

Inkqubo yeGOLIDE ikwaqwalasela ezinye izinto, njengeengxaki ezithile zokuphefumla kunye nenani lokugqabhuka komlilo umntu adla ngokuba nakho. Amanqaku aphezulu kwisikali seGOLD ngokubanzi abonisa i-COPD embi kakhulu, enokuthi inxulunyaniswe nexesha eliphantsi lokuphila.

Kunokuba ugxininise kuphela kwinkqubela phambili yesifo sakho, kunokukunceda ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokulawula kakuhle iCOPD yakho. Oku kubalulekile nokuba inqanaba lemeko yakho.

Esinye isikali esisoloko sisetyenziswa ecaleni kwenkqubo yeGOLD sisikali se-BODE, esimele i-Body Mass Index (BMI), i-Obstruction (i-airflow blockage), i-Dyspnea (ukuphefumula), kunye nomthamo wokuSebenza. Esi sikali sinceda ukuvavanya indlela iCOPD ebuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bomntu ngokufaka amanqaku alandelayo:

  • BMI
    • Usebenzisa ubude kunye nobunzima ukuqikelela amafutha omzimba
    • Ukuba neCOPD kunokubangela iingxaki ngolawulo lobunzima
  • Isithintelo sokuhamba komoya
    • Isebenzisa iziphumo ezisuka kwi-FEV1 kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwemisebenzi yemiphunga ukufumana ukuba kuthintelwe kangakanani na ukuhamba komoya womntu.
    • Ixesha elongezelelekileyo leCOPD lingatyebisa iindonga zomoya, luthintele ukuphefumla, kwaye lwenza kube nzima ngakumbi
  • Dyspnea
    • Ilinganisa ukuba bungakanani ubunzima anabo umntu ekuphefumleni
  • Sebenzisa amandla
    • Kulinganiswa ukuba umntu unokuhamba umgama omde kangakanani ngemizuzu emithandathu
    • Oku kubonisa umsebenzi omninzi womzimba umntu angakwazi ukuwulawula

Emva kokuqwalasela zonke izinto, umlinganiselo we-BODE phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-10 unqunywe, kunye ne-10 ebonisa iimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, ukwanda komngcipheko wokulaliswa esibhedlele, kunye neziphumo zempilo ezimbi.

Nangona izixhobo zovavanyo ezifana neGOLIDE kunye neBODE ziluncedo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba zibonelela ngoqikelelo kuphela. Azikhethi ubude bobomi bomntu okanye umgangatho wobomi bakhe. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuxilongwa kwangoko, ukutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila, kunye nonyango lwezonyango kunokucothisa ukuqhubeka kweempawu zeCOPD. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukumamela umzimba wakho kwaye wazi ixesha lokufuna unyango.

Ngaba eminye imiba yezempilo inxulumene neCOPD?

I-COPD inokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki zempilo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba zi-comorbidities. Kubalulekile ukuzazi iimpawu kwaye ufune uncedo lwezonyango xa lufuneka.

Kubantu abaneCOPD emnene, izifo zentliziyo-ezichaphazela intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi-yizona zinto zixhaphake kakhulu. I-COPD inokudityaniswa neemeko ezifana nezi:

  • Ukumelwa yintliziyo
  • Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula
  • Usulelo lwemiphunga
  • I-Pulmonary embolism (amahlwili egazi emiphungeni)
  • Intliziyo ye-arrhythmia (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga)
  • Umhlaza wemiphunga

Ubude bokuphila kwabantu abaneCOPD buyohluka ngenxa yezinto ezininzi kwaye ayisiyiyo isayensi ngqo. Izinto ezifana neyakho iimpawu, ubudala, impilo, imikhwa yokutshaya, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesifo sakho. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela onokuzilawula ngayo i-COPD yakho kwaye uhlale usempilweni kunye nokunyuka (ukugqabhuka) simahla.

Ukhathalelo lwePalliative lukhathalelo lwesigulane kunye nosapho olujolise ekuphuculeni ubomi bakho kunye nokuphelisa intlungu kunye nokubandezeleka. Ukhathalelo lokuthomalalisa ayenzelwanga kuphela ukuphela kobomi, kodwa lunokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na indawo yohambo lwakho nesigulo esingapheliyo. Ukhathalelo lwePalliative lunokukunceda ukulawula ngcono iimpawu zakho, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, ukunciphisa ukutyelela esibhedlele, kunye nokuxhasa amalungu osapho. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokhathalelo lokuthomalalisa kwangoko kuhambo lwakho lweCOPD.

I-Hospice - okanye ukhathalelo lokuphela kobomi - lolunye uhlobo lokhathalelo lokuthomalalisa, kwaye lunokuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe nakwabo ubathandayo ekuphileni iintsuku zakho eziseleyo ngenkxaso nesidima.

  • Ukuyeka ukutshaya   
    • Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya nangemva kokuba ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD kunciphisa ukunyuka kwesi sifo.
    • Nangona ukuyeka ukutshaya kunceda nakweliphi na inqanaba leCOPD, ngokukhawuleza umntu eyeka, kungcono.
  • Utyelelo lwezonyango rhoqo
    • Uvavanyo lwesiqhelo lunokunceda ukubeka iliso kwiimpawu, ukubamba imiba enokwenzeka kwangoko, kunye nokulawula unyango.
  • Ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
  • Kuphephe ukuphefumla izinto ezicaphukisa imiphunga
    • Oku kunokuquka ungcoliseko, umungu, uthuli, umsi, izinto zokucoca, nezinye iziqholo.
  • Sebenzisa izicoci zomoya ekhaya
    • Olunye uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba abantu abaneCOPD bafumana iimpawu eziphuculweyo besebenzisa izicoci zomoya zangaphakathi
  • Ukuhlala unolwazi malunga nogonyo
  • Imithambo yokuphefumla yeCOPD
  • Hlala u-hydrated
    • Ukuhlala u-hydrated kunokwenza i-mucus ebhityileyo emiphungeni, ikwenze kube lula ukukhohlela kunye nokususa umoya.

Kwi-GAAPP, sifuna ukuxhobisa izigulana kuba wonke umntu ufanelwe ukuphila ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kokuba iimpawu zabo ziphazamise ubomi babo. Fumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noMqulu wethu weziGulane Apha.

izandla ezindala ezibambayo

imithombo

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