Siyini Isifo Somoya?

Isifuba somoya (asthma) yisimo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (sesikhathi eside) esithinta umoya wakho noma amashubhu e-bronchial. Kungabangela imigudu yakho yokuphefumula ibe mncane futhi ulwelwesi lwazo luvuvuke futhi kukhiqizwe amafinyila, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula. Ukuncipha kwemigudu yokuphefumula kubangela ukuthi uzizwe uphelelwa umoya, uhefuzele, noma ukhwehlele. [1] Isifuba somoya siba khona ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu. 

Isifuba somoya singahlasela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Nakuba kungase kube mnene kwabanye, kwabanye kungase kube nzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi bonke ubunzima besifuba somoya bungaba nomthelela emisebenzini evamile yansuku zonke futhi abantu abanezimpawu zesifuba somoya ezingavamile basengaba nokuhlaselwa kwesifuba somoya esisongela ukuphila uma isifuba sabo somoya singelashwa ngendlela efanele.  

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi le-asthma, lingalawuleka ngempumelelo. Izimpawu zingalawuleka, [2] futhi ingozi yokuhlaselwa inciphe kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifuba somoya ozoba nezimpawu ezifanayo ncamashi futhi angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo nodokotela wakho noma unesi wakho wesifuba somoya, ukuze bakwazi ukuqapha isifuba sakho somoya futhi bashintshe ukwelashwa kwakho uma kunesidingo.

Funda ukuthi yini ucwaningo lwamuva kwembule izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-asthma.

Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifuba somoya zihlanganisa [2,3]:

  • Ukuphelelwa umoya
  • Umuzwa wengcindezi, ukuqina, noma ubuhlungu esifubeni sakho
  • Ukushaya
  • Umsindo wokushaya ikhwelo noma ohefuzayo lapho ukhipha umoya (ukuphefumula kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezinesifuba somoya)
  • Ukuhlaselwa kokukhwehlela nokuhefuzela okubi nakakhulu uma unomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma esinye isifo sokuphefumula
  • Inkinga yokulala ebusuku ngenxa yokuphelelwa umoya, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuhefuzela

Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifuba somoya onezimpawu ezifanayo ncamashi. Izimpawu zingase zenzeke ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka nangezikhathi ezihlukene phakathi nokuphila kwakho. Izimpawu nazo zingahluka ukusuka kokuncane kuye kokuqina kakhulu. [4]

Uma isifuba sakho somoya sishintsha noma sivutha, ungase uthole izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ungase ukuthole kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula, ukuzwa ukushaywa umoya kakhulu, futhi udinga imithi yakho kaningi. [3]

Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya iyaqina [5] - lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-bronchospasm. I-Bronchospasm [6] yenza isifuba sakho sizizwe siqinile futhi yenza kube nzima ukubamba umoya wakho. Ungase wenze ikhwela noma umsindo ohefuzayo lapho uzama ukuphefumula. Ulwelwesi lwemigudu yokuphefumula lungavuvuka kakhulu, kukhiqizwe amafinyila amaningi, kanti amafinyila angase abe mkhulu kunokuvamile.

Uma unezimpawu zesifuba somoya ezithambile, ukuthatha i-reliever inhaler yakho kufanele kukusize uzizwe ungcono kungakapheli imizuzu. Kodwa uma unezimpawu zesifuba somoya ezinzima kakhulu, ungase udinge usizo lwezokwelapha, njengoba kungase kubeke ukuphila engozini. [7]

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokuqala Eziyisixwayiso Zokuhlaselwa I-Asthma?

Isifuba somoya siyisimo esihlala isikhathi eside esingelapheki, kodwa uma ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kwenzeka, kuyisigameko “esinzima”. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlasela kungazelelwe futhi kwesinye isikhathi okubi kakhulu.

Kunezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zangaphambi kwesikhathi ongazibheka ezingase ziphakamise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya. Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziba mnene, kodwa zingaba usizo ukuzibona ukuze wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya okugcwele, noma okubi nakakhulu.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zakuqala [3,8] okufanele uziqaphele zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuphelelwa umoya okwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi uma kusebusuku
  • Amafinyila amaningi noma isikhwehlela kunokujwayelekile
  • Udinga ukuthatha i-inhaler yakho yokutakula kaningi
  • Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, noma ukungabi namandla
  • Ukukhathala okukhulu lapho uzivocavoca
  • Ukukhwehlela nokukhwehlela ngemva kokuzivocavoca
  • Ukukhwehlela okubi kakhulu 
  • Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwamaphaphu okuvamile (okungalinganiswa kusetshenziswa imitha yokugeleza okuphezulu)
  • Ukungezwani komzimba noma umkhuhlane, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana emakhaleni, ukuthimula, umphimbo obuhlungu kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu

Uma unohlelo lwesenzo lomuntu siqu lwesifuba somoya [9] endaweni, kufanele ulungise imithi yakho ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo ohlelweni lwakho. Uma ungenalo uhlelo lokusebenza, noma unezimpawu zokuqubuka kwesifuba somoya, cela iseluleko kudokotela wakho. Kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lwesenzo somuntu siqu sesifuba somoya - cela udokotela wakho noma unesi wakho wesifuba somoya ukuthi akubekele isu eliqondene nawe.

Imbangela yangempela yesifuba somoya akwaziwa futhi izimbangela zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Nokho, kuyaqashelwa ukuthi Isifuba somoya kwesinye isikhathi sisebenza emindenini, okusho ukuthi uma umzali wakho noma ingane yakini inesifuba somoya, maningi amathuba okuba ube nayo. Izici zemvelo nazo zingaba nengxenye. Isifuba somoya sivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni, kodwa singaqala nakubantu abadala. 

Isifuba somoya sivame ukuvela njengomphumela wokusabela kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esikhumbeni semvelo, njengempova noma izibungu zothuli. Akubona bonke abantu abachayeke ku-allergen efanayo abasabela kuyo noma bangase basabele ngendlela ehlukile. Nakuba izizathu zokuthi kungani i-allergen ethile ithinta umuntu oyedwa ngaphezu kwabanye zingacacile ngokuphelele, kungenzeka ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zingase zihileleke.

Ezinye izici eziyingozi [10] ezingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nesifuba somoya zihlanganisa:

  • Ufuzo – ukuba nelungu lomndeni, njengomzali noma ingane yakini, enesifuba somoya
  • Ukuba ne-allergies, njenge-hay fever, eczema, noma ukungezwani nokudla (lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi phezulu izimo)
  • Ukuba ngumuntu obhemayo
  • Ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi noma engenzi lutho, okufaka phakathi ubuntwana noma ukukhulelwa
  • Ukukhuluphala
  • Ukuba nesifo sokuphefumula esewusana
  • Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi [11] noma ngesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi

Izicupha

Imigudu yomoya eya emaphashini ivamise ukuvuleka, ivumela umoya ukuba ungene futhi uphume ngokukhululeka emaphashini. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifuba somoya banemigudu yomoya ezwelayo ecasukile futhi evuvukele. Izimpawu zesifuba somoya zibangelwa lapho imigudu yomoya iqina noma ifinyela ngenxa yezimbangela futhi ingagcwala amafinyila, okuholela ekubeni kube nesikhala esincane emigwaqweni yokuphefumula ukuze uphefumule. Izimpawu zingabangelwa izinto ezicasulayo, izinto, nezimo ezihlukahlukene. [12] 

Izimbangela zezimpawu ze-asthma zingahluka kubantu abahlukene. Angase ahlanganise:

  • Ukuzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo noma esomile
  • Ukuchayeka entuthuni, ekungcoleni noma entuthuni
  • Izifo zokuphefumula ezinjengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane
  • Ukungezwani komzimba, okufana nezibungu zothuli, uboya bezilwane, izimpaphe, noma impova, ezigulini ezingazwani nalezi zinto.
  • Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okuhlanganisa umoya obandayo, ukuduma kwezulu, ukushisa, umswakama, nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa
  • Ukuphuza imithi ethile, njengama-beta-blockers (esetshenziselwa izinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo noma amaconsi esweni e-glaucoma), futhi, kwabanye abantu abanesifuba somoya, ukuthatha amaphilisi ezinhlungu aqeda ukuvuvukala [13]
  • Ukuba nemizwa enamandla njengokucindezeleka
  • Ukuchayeka esikhunjeni, kubantu abangezwani naso
  • Kwabanye abantu abaphethwe isifuba somoya, ama-sulfite [14] kanye nama-preservatives anezelwa kokunye ukudla neziphuzo, okuhlanganisa izithelo ezomisiwe, izimfanzi, amazambane agayiwe, ubhiya, newayini.
  • Isifo se-reflux ye-Gastroesophageal (GERD), lapho i-asidi yesisu ibuyela emphinjeni wakho [15]

Kubalulekile ukwazi izimbangela zakho siqu futhi uzigweme, lapho kunokwenzeka, ukuze usize ukulawula isifuba sakho somoya. Kodwa-ke, uma isifuba somoya selashwa ngemithi elwa nokuvuvukala, futhi izimpawu sezilawulwa kangcono, ngokuvamile ngeke usabele ezibangeni zakho zangaphambilini. 

Ngokungafani nezinye izimo zempilo, alukho uhlobo olulodwa lwesifuba somoya – sithinta abantu abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene. Njengoba ulwazi nokuqonda kuye kwathuthuka phakathi neminyaka edlule, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baye bathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.

Ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesifuba somoya onalo kungakusiza ufunde ukuthi ungasiphatha kanjani kangcono futhi, kwabanye abantu, kungase kukusize ugweme ukuthintana nezibangeli ezaziwayo.

Isifuba somoya i-aleji

I-Alergic, noma i-atopic asthma, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifuba somoya. [16] Kufikela ku-80% abantu abanesifuba somoya nabo abanokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile [17], futhi ukuba ne-allergies kukubeka engcupheni enkulu yesifuba somoya obangelwa yi-allergic. Kubantu abaphethwe yisifuba somoya, izimpawu noma ukuhlaselwa kungabangelwa izinto ezingezwani nezifo ezifana nempova, izibungu zothuli, uboya bezilwane ezifuywayo, noma izimpaphe.

Isifuba somoya esingalalisi

I-Non-allergic, noma i-non-atopic asthma, uhlobo lwesifuba somoya olungabangelwa ukungezwani komzimba okuthile. Lolu hlobo luvame ukuqala kamuva lapho umuntu esekhulile. [18] Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile.

Ukuqala kwabadala (ukuqala sekwephuzile) isifuba somoya

Abanye abantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abesifazane [19], bangaba nokuhlaselwa kwabo kokuqala kwesifuba somoya lapho sebekhulile. Lokhu kuvame ukuba uhlobo lwesifuba somoya esingaguliswa yi-aleji. Lokhu kungafaka isifuba somoya emsebenzini - uhlobo lwesifuba somoya olubangelwa umsebenzi noma umsebenzi wakho. Lolu hlobo lwesifuba somoya lubangelwa noma lubangelwa ukuchayeka kuntuthu, amakhemikhali, uthuli, noma ezinye izimbangela ohlangabezana nazo phakathi nomsebenzi wakho. Isifuba somoya somuntu omdala singase siqalwe yizenzakalo zempilo ezicindezelayo.

Isifuba somoya esinomkhawulo oqhubekayo wokugeleza komoya

Ezinye iziguli ezinesifuba somoya zizoba “nomkhawulo wokugeleza komoya” ohlala njalo futhi ongabuyiseleki emuva. Lokhu kubizwa nge-airway remodeling, okusho ukuthi imigudu yomoya iyashintsha ngokuba ugqinsi futhi ibe mncane. [20] Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abake babhema, kodwa kungenzeka nakwabangabhemi.

Isifuba somoya esihambisana nokukhuluphala

Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungadlala indima ekubangeleni isifuba somoya futhi kwenze izimpawu zesifuba somoya zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuzilawula. [21] Idala uhlobo oluhlukile lokuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya. 

Isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca

Abantu abanesifuba somoya kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo bangaba nezimpawu ezibangelwa ukuzivocavoca noma ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba. Izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu phakathi nangemuva kokuzivocavoca. [22]

I-asthma yobuntwana

I-asthma yobuntwana kuvamile futhi kuqala kwenzeka ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Lolu hlobo lungaba ngcono noma lunyamalale ngokuphelele phakathi neminyaka yobusha noma njengoba ukhula, nakuba luvame ukubuya lapho usumdala. [23] 

Isifuba somoya esibucayi

Isifuba somoya esinamandla sithinta abantu kakhulu futhi singaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yansuku zonke. [24] Maningi amathuba okuba ube nesifuba somoya esibi kakhulu uma izimpawu zakho noma ukuhlaselwa kwakho kuqhubeka naphezu kokuthatha imithamo ephezulu ye-steroid ehogeliwe noma eminye imithi, futhi ungase udinge ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Isifuba somoya sonyaka

Isifuba somoya sonyaka senzeka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka kuphela. Izimpawu zingase zigqame ehlobo lapho amazinga empova ephezulu, noma ebusika lapho isimo sezulu sibanda kakhulu futhi izifo zokuphefumula zivame kakhulu. [18]

Sifo

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi ungaba nesifuba somoya, bazobuza ngezimpawu zakho bese bephakamisa izivivinyo zokuxilonga yona. Bazobheka ikhala lakho, umphimbo, nemigudu yomoya engaphezulu, balalele ukuphefumula kwakho usebenzisa i-stethoscope, futhi bathathe umlando wezokwelapha ojwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kuzokwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa:

  • I-Spirometry [25] – lapho uvuthela khona emshinini okala ukuthi ungaphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi ungabamba umoya ongakanani emaphashini akho.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokugeleza okuphezulu [26] – lapho uvuthela khona kudivayisi encane ephathwa ngesandla, futhi kukala ukuthi ungaphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-FeNO [27] – lapho uphefumula khona emshinini okala izinga le-nitric oxide emphefumulweni wakho (lokhu kungagqamisa ezinye izinhlobo zokuvuvukala emaphashini noma kwenye indawo) Funda kabanzi kupheshana lokufundisa le-FENO le-GAAPP!

Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ube ne-x-ray yesifuba ukuze ukhiphe ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho.

Ukuqina Kwesifuba Somoya

Ukuqina kwesifuba somoya [4] kukalwa ngokuthi kunzima kangakanani ukwelapha isifuba somoya.

I-asthma encane: Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kuchazwa odokotela njengesifuba somoya esilawulwa kahle ngemithi ye-corticosteroid enedosi ephansi, kodwa igama elithi “isifuba somoya esithambile” lisetshenziswa kakhulu kubantu abangenazo izimpawu zesifuba somoya ezivamile noma ezinzima. Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi i-asthma yakho ithambile, usengahlaselwa kanzima, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthatha isivimbeli noma isilawuli se-inhaler.

Isifuba somoya esimaphakathi: Isifuba somoya esilawulwa kahle ngenhlanganisela yedosi ephansi ye-corticosteroids enemithi ye-beta-agonist esebenza isikhathi eside.

Kunzima ukwelapha: Isifuba somoya esingalawuleki naphezu kokwelashwa ngemithamo emaphakathi noma ephezulu ye-corticosteroids kanye nemithi esebenza isikhathi eside ye-beta-agonist. Lolu hlobo lwesifuba somoya kunzima ukwelapheka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

  • Ukwelashwa okungasebenzi ngenxa yamandla noma isenzo semithi
  • Izinkinga eziqhubekayo ngokulandela uhlelo lokwelapha
  • Ukungathathi i-inhaler yakho ngendlela efanele noma njalo
  • Izinkinga zezempilo ezengeziwe, okuhlanganisa i-rhinosinusitis engapheli noma ukukhuluphala

I-asthma enkulu: Abanye abantu banesifuba somoya esingalawuleki naphezu kokuthatha njalo imithamo ephezulu ye-corticosteroids kanye nemithi ye-beta-agonist esebenza isikhathi eside, kanye nokuxazululwa ezinye izinkinga lapho kungenzeka khona. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa uhlobo oluhlukile lwesifuba somoya olungaphenduli kanye nezihogela isifuba somoya ezivamile, futhi kungase kuzuze ekwelashweni okwengeziwe. 

Ukwelashwa Nemithi

Asthma ukwelashwa kanye nemithi ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu, ukuze uphile impilo esebenzayo nevamile. Njengoba wonke umuntu eba nesifuba somoya ngendlela ehlukile, udokotela wakho uzohlanganisa uhlelo lokwelapha isifuba somoya olwenzelwe wena ngqo.

Izindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa ama-inhalers kubantu abane-asthma zingasetshenziswa:

  • I-reliever noma i-reliver inhaler - lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimpawu zakho uma zenzeka futhi ngokuvamile kunikeza impumuzo emizuzwini embalwa. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca. Esikhathini esidlule, ama-inhalers okusindisa ayequkethe kuphela i-bronchodilator efana ne-albuterol. Nakuba lezi ziphefumula zizophumuza imisipha yamaphaphu okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula, azikwelaphi isifuba somoya wakho noma zikuvimbele ekuhlaselweni kanzima. Emazweni amaningi, abantu abaphethwe isifuba somoya banganikezwa isidambisi-zinhlungu (i-AIR). Lokhu kuqukethe i-corticosteroid ehogeliwe kanye ne-bronchodilator, yona kanye nokuphumuza imisipha yamaphaphu akho okwenza kube lula ngawe ukuphefumula, futhi yelapha ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yakho yomoya okubangela izimpawu nokuhlasela kwakho kwesifuba somoya. 
  • Isivimbeli nsuku zonke noma isilawuli se-inhaler - lokhu kuqukethe i-corticosteroid elwa nokuvuvukala, ngezinye izikhathi ihlanganiswe nemithi ye-beta-agonist esebenza isikhathi eside futhi isetshenziswa nsuku zonke, njengoba kunqunyiwe, ukunciphisa inani lokuvuvukala nokuzwela emigwaqweni yakho yomoya. Abantu abanesifuba somoya esisesilinganisweni noma esibi kakhulu kudingeka basebenzise isivimbeli noma isilawuli sesifuba somoya nsuku zonke ukuze basize ukulawula izimpawu zesifuba somoya, ukuzinqanda ukuba zingenzeki, futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya.

Imihlahlandlela yamazwe ngamazwe yesifuba somoya incoma ukuthi wonke umuntu onesifuba somoya oneminyaka engu-6 nangaphezulu kufanele aphuze i-inhaler ene-corticosteroid, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa kanzima. Abantu abaningi abanesifuba somoya badinga kuphela umthamo ophansi we-corticosteroid ehogeliwe, njenge-anti-inflammatory reliever inhaler noma njenge-inhaler yansuku zonke elwa nokuvuvukala. Lezi ziphefumula ngethamo eliphansi ziphephe kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa, futhi kanye nokulawula izimpawu zakho, zikuvikela ekuhlaselweni okunzima. 

Abantu abanezimpawu zesifuba somoya noma ukuhlaselwa kwabo okungalawulwa kahle ngedosi eliphansi le-corticosteroid inhaler kufanele baphuze i-corticosteroid inhaler noma inhlanganisela ye-corticosteroid kanye ne-beta-agonist inhaler nsuku zonke, kanye ne-reliever inhaler. 

Kukhona futhi inhlanganisela yokuvimbela nokuvimbela emazweni amaningi kubantu abadala kanye nentsha (futhi kwamanye amazwe futhi ezinganeni ezineminyaka emi-4 noma engu-6 ubudala nangaphezulu) ezinesifuba somoya esimaphakathi kuya kwesibi kakhulu. Ungase uzwe lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-MART noma i-SMART therapy, emele i-Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy. Ngalokhu kwelashwa, usebenzisa i-anti-inflammatory reliever inhaler efanayo ukuze udambise izimpawu (nangaphambi kokuzivocavoca uma kudingeka) kanye nokwelashwa kwakho kwansuku zonke okuvimbayo noma isilawuli.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ufunda indlela efanele yokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho noma i-inhaler. Isibonelo, uma "une-puffer" equkethe i-aerosol ukuletha umuthi endleleni yakho yokuphefumula, kufanele uphefumule imithi kancane kancane. Uma une-powder inhaler eyomile, kufanele uphefumule imithi ngokuqinile. 

Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, eminye imithi kanye nokwelashwa kungase kunqunywe. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo [28], njengezikhethekile izivivinyo zokuphefumula, kungase kunconywe ukukusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuphefumula kangcono ngesifuba somoya futhi ukwandise umthamo wamaphaphu akho, amandla kanye nempilo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ugweme ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi noma emikhiqizweni ye-vape, ngoba lokhu kudala izinkinga ezinkulu zamaphaphu kubantu abanesifuba somoya. Uma ubhema noma uvape, cela iseluleko kudokotela noma usokhemisi ukuze akusize uyeke. Lapho kungenzeka khona, gwema ukungcoliswa komoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Isibonelo, uma kungenzeka, zivocavoce kude nemigwaqo emikhulu. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo nokudla okunempilo kunconywa kubo bonke abantu abanesifuba somoya. 

Funda kabanzi lapha mayelana namandla okugoma kubantu abanesifo esingelapheki sokuphefumula.

Okuqukethwe kubuyekeziwe by Iphaneli Yezesayensi Nokweluleka ye-GAAPP.

Ukuphila Kangcono Nge-Asthma

Imithombo

Umqulu Wesiguli Esiphethwe Isifuba Somoya

I-Asthma kanye ne-Oral Corticosteroids Umqulu Wesiguli

'Isifuba Sesifuba Esinochwepheshe' I-Podcast ye-Global Initiative For Asthma (GINA)

Okubhekwayo

  1. Isinyathelo somhlaba wonke se-Asthma. Isu Lomhlaba Lonke Lokulawulwa Nokuvimbela I-asthma.; 2026. https://ginasthma.org/reports/
  2. Umhlaba. Isifuba somoya. Who.int. Ishicilelwe ngoMeyi 4, 2023. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma
  3. Izimpawu Zesifuba Somoya. I-Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America. Ishicilelwe ngoFebruwari 9, 2024. Ifinyelelwe ngomhla ka-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://aafa.org/asthma/asthma-symptoms/
  4. Siqine Kangakanani I-Asthma Yami? | Inethiwekhi Yokungezwani Nomzimba Nesifuba. Inethiwekhi Yokungezwani Nomzimba Nesifuba. Ishicilelwe ngoJulayi 26, 2023. Ifinyelelwe ngomhla ka-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/news/how-severe-is-my-asthma/
  5. I-Asthma Attack. NHLBI, NIH. Ishicilelwe ngoJanuwari 12, 2024. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma/attacks
  6. Umtholampilo C. I-Bronchospasm: Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa nokuthi Iyini. Umtholampilo waseCleveland. Ishicilelwe ngo-2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22620-bronchospasm
  7. I-asthma - Izimpawu nezimbangela. IMayo Clinic. Ishicilelwe ngo-2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20369653
  8. Ukuhlasela Kwesifuba | Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nokwelashwa | I-ACAAI Iwebhusayithi Yomphakathi. I-ACAAI Iwebhusayithi Yomphakathi. Ishicilelwe ngo-Ephreli 18, 2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://acaai.org/asthma/symptoms/asthma-attack/
  9. I-CDC. Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Zesifuba Somoya. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ishicilelwe ngoJuni 23, 2023. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/actionplan.html
  10. I-American Lung Association. Yini Ebangela Isifuba Somoya? Lung.org. Ishicilelwe ngo-2023. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/learn-about-asthma/what-causes-asthma
  11. U-Caffarelli C, u-Gracci S, u-Giuliana Giannì, u-Bernardini R. Ingabe Izingane Ezizalwa Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi Esisengozini Ephezulu Ze-Asthma Candidate? Ijenali yemithi yomtholampilo. 2023;12(16):5400-5400. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165400
  12. Izimbangela Nezimbangela. NHLBI, NIH. Ishicilelwe ngomhla ka-24 Mashi 2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma/causes
  13. Kufanele ngenzenjani uma nginakho COVID-19? I-asthma + Lung UK. Ishicilelwe ngoSepthemba 30, 2023. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/coronavirus/i-have-covid
  14. Ukudla. I-Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America. Ishicilelwe ngoJanuwari 24, 2024. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://aafa.org/asthma/asthma-triggers-causes/food-as-an-asthma-trigger/
  15. I-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). I-Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America. Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 31, 2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://aafa.org/asthma/asthma-triggers-causes/health-conditions-that-trigger-asthma/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease/
  16. Umtholampilo C. Isifuba Sokungezwani Nomzimba: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuhlolwa Nokwelashwa. Umtholampilo waseCleveland. Ishicilelwe ngo-2024. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21461-allergic-asthma
  17. Izinhlobo zesifuba somoya. I-asthma + Lung UK. Ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 30, 2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/types-asthma
  18. Izinhlobo zesifuba somoya. I-asthma + Lung UK. Ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 30, 2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/types-asthma
  19. Isifuba Somoya Sabantu Abadala |. I-Asthmaandallergies.org. Ishicilelwe ngo-2024. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://asthmaandallergies.org/asthma-allergies/adult-onset-asthma/
  20. Ukulungisa Umzila Wezindiza | I-Asthma Initiative yaseMichigan (AIM). Getasthmahelp.org. Ishicilelwe ngo-2024. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://getasthmahelp.org/asthma-airway-remodeling.aspx
  21. I-AsthmaStats – Isifuba Somoya kanye Nokukhuluphala. Ishicilelwe ngo-2024. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthma_stats/asthma_obesity.htm
  22. Isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca-Isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca - Izimpawu nezimbangela - I-Mayo Clinic. IMayo Clinic. Ishicilelwe ngo-2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-induced-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372300
  23. Isifuba Somoya Ezinsaneni Nezingane Ezincane |. I-Asthmaandallergies.org. Ishicilelwe ngo-2024. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://asthmaandallergies.org/asthma-allergies/asthma-in-infants-and-young-children/
  24. I-asthma Enzima. Aaaaai.org. Ishicilelwe ngo-2023. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/severe-asthma
  25. I-Spirometry. I-Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America. Ishicilelwe Novemba 11, 2022. Ifinyelelwe ngomhla ka-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://aafa.org/asthma/asthma-diagnosis/lung-function-tests-diagnose-asthma/spirometry/
  26. DeVrieze BW, Modi P, Giwa AO. Ukulinganisa Isilinganiso Sokugeleza Okuphakeme. Nih.gov. Ishicilelwe ngoJulayi 31, 2023. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459325/
  27. KUYINI UKUHLOLA I-FRACTIONAL EHALED NITRIC OXIDE (FeNO)? https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/FeNO-Testing.pdf
  28. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo kanye nesifuba somoya. I-asthma + Lung UK. Ishicilelwe ngoSepthemba 30, 2022. Ifinyelele ngo-Ephreli 2, 2024. https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/symptoms-tests-treatments/treatments/complementary-therapies
Kugcine ukuhlelwa: 07/21/2024