Kulabo abaphila noma abanakekela othile onesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvinjwa kwamaphaphu (COPD), kubalulekile ukuqaphela izingozi COVID-19 kungaba ukuma. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi abaphethwe yi-COPD bangahlala kanjani bephilile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze banciphise ingozi yokubamba COVID-19. 

Yini i-COPD futhi COVID-19?

ICoronavirus, eyaziwa ngokuthi COVID or COVID-19 ngamafuphi, isifo esithathelwanayo esibhebhetheka emhlabeni wonke, sibangela ubhadane lomhlaba wonke. Kubantu abaningi, izimpawu zithambile, kepha emaqenjini asebekhulile, lawo anamasosha omzimba abuthaka, noma lawo anezimo zempilo ezikhona zesikhathi eside, kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Kunjalo ngempela kulabo abaphila nesimo sesikhathi eside COPD, igama elinikezwa iqembu lezimo zamaphaphu ezibangela izinkinga zokuphefumula, njenge-bronchitis engapheli ne-emphysema. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ubungozi bokuhlushwa yizinkinga ezinzima zokuphefumula, izinkinga, kanye nesidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlela nge COVID-19 iphezulu nge-COPD. 

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze COVID-19 zihlanganisa:

  • Ukukhwehlela okusha okuqhubekayo
  • Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu
  • Ukuphelelwa umoya
  • Ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka noma iphunga.

Abantu abaningi abane-Coronavirus bazoba okungenani nesisodwa salezi zimpawu. 

Uma unezinye zezimpawu zeCoronavirus, thola ukuhlolwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Okwamanje, wena nanoma ubani omunye ohlala ekhaya lakho kufanele nizihlukanise ngokuhlala ekhaya nize nithole umphumela wokuhlolwa. Akufanele uye emsebenzini uma unezimpawu ezingaba khona ze-coronavirus. 

ICoronavirus ingakuthinta kanjani uma uneCOPD?

Kulabo abaphila ne-COPD, izimpawu zokuphefumula namaphaphu ze COVID-19 basengozini yokuba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kunalabo abangenayo i-COPD. Sekuvele kwaziwa kahle ukuthi umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) ungadala izinkinga ezinkulu uma une-COPD, njengokwandisa ingozi yenyumoniya, futhi icala liyafana COVID-19. 

I-bronchitis engapheli kanye ne-emphysema, okuyizinkinga zokuphefumula ezibangelwa yi-COPD, kokubili kudala umonakalo emaphashini. I-bronchitis engapheli ibangela ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside kwemigudu yomoya, kuyilapho i-emphysema ilimaza amasaka omoya emaphashini. Amasosha omzimba nawo angathinteka, ngakho-ke ukutheleleka okufana COVID-19 izoshiya iziguli ze-COPD zikuthole kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nakho. 

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ze COVID-19, okwejwayelekile kwakho izimpawu ze-COPD kungaba kubi kakhulu, kubangele ukuphefumula kanzima kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kwenza izinkinga ezifana nenyumoniya zibe lula futhi uma ukuphefumula kuba nomthelela omubi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke uye esibhedlela. 

Kungani iCoronavirus ingase ikuthinte kakhulu uma une-COPD?

Ucwaningo ngezizathu eziqondile zokuthi kungani i-COPD yandisa ingozi yokuba nzima COVID-19 iyaqhubeka, kodwa ucwaningo lwakuqala lubonisa izici eziningana. Lezi zici zihlanganisa:

  • Amazinga ephrotheni i-ACE-2 (i-angiotensin eguqula i-enzyme-2) - abantu abane-COPD bavame ukuba namazinga anyukile e-ACE-2 emgudwini wabo wokuphefumula ophansi kanye COVID-19 igciwane lisebenzisa le phrotheni ukubopha kulo
  • Ukungenwa ngamagciwane - uma une-COPD, waziwa ukuthi ungangenwa izifo zokuphefumula ngegciwane, COVID-19 isibonelo esisodwa 
  • Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba - I-COPD idala ukungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba, okwenza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo
  • Ubudala - COVID-19 ijwayele ukuba yimbi kakhulu ezigulini esezikhulile kanti i-COPD ivame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile 
  • Izimo ezingaphansi - kungenzeka ukuthi uthole COVID-19 uma usuvele uhlushwa isimo sezempilo esikhona noma esingaphansi, njenge-COPD, esibeka engcupheni umsebenzi wamaphaphu. 

Ibeka ziphi izingozi?

I-COPD yisifo esiyingozi samaphaphu futhi COVID-19 futhi kuthinta ukuphefumula. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukubamba COVID-19 uma une-COPD kwandisa ingozi yokudinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela kanye neyunithi yokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU). Futhi kwandisa ingozi yokufa kusuka COVID-19, ikakhulukazi uma nawe ubhema. 

Nokho, ukuba ne-COPD akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi uzobamba COVID-19. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi cishe u-2% wabantu abangeniswe esibhedlela nge COVID-19 eShayina yayine-COPD eyisisekelo (izigameko sezizonke ze-COPD e-China zisukela ku-5-13%). 

Olunye ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise inani eliphansi leziguli ezibhedlela ezine-COPD kanye COVID-19 kunalabo abanobulungiswa COVID. Abanye abantu baphakamisa ukuthi mhlawumbe iziguli ze-COPD zisebenzisa ngempumelelo izindlela, njengokuqhelelana nomphakathi kanye nokufaka izinto ezimboza ubuso, ukugwema ukubamba. COVID-19. 

Ungazinciphisa kanjani izingozi?

Uma uphila ne-COPD kubalulekile ukuqaphela kakhulu ukuze unciphise ingozi yokubamba COVID-19. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-coronavirus:  

  • Gqoka isembozo sobuso – ukugqoka isembozo sobuso, njengemaski yobuso noma i-visor, kuzonciphisa ingozi yokuphefumula ngamaconsi athwele igciwane. Isembozo sobuso sikusiza futhi ekwehliseni ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane ngokuvikela noma ubani ohlangana naye. Khumbula ukugeza ubuso bakho njalo.
  • Zijwayeze ukuqhelelana nomphakathi – ukuzigcina uqhelelene nabanye abantu uma uphumile kusiza ekwehliseni ukusabalala kwe COVID-19. Hlola iseluleko sikahulumeni endaweni yangakini ukuthola ibanga elinconyiwe lomphakathi.
  • Gwema izindawo eziminyene - gwema ukuhlangana namaqembu abantu ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle.
  • Geza izandla njalo – qhubeka ugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi afudumele futhi usebenzise ijeli yesandla yotshwala uma uphumile.
  • Phatha i-COPD yakho kahle - uma i-COPD yakho ilawulwa kahle futhi ilawulwa, khona-ke ingozi yakho yokuba nezinkinga nayo COVID-19 kuncishisiwe. Landela eyakho uhlelo lokuzilawula, qhubeka uthatha yonke imithi yakho yomlomo nama-inhalers njengoba uqondiswa udokotela wakho, futhi ungashintshi isimiso sakho sempilo ngaphandle kokuba uyalwe.
  • Yiba nemithi eyanele - qiniseka ukuthi unemithi eyanele ekhaya uma kwenzeka unokuqubuka kwe-COPD futhi udinga ukuthatha ama-steroid noma ama-antibiotic. Izimpawu zokuvuvukala zihlanganisa ukwanda kokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela kanye ne-phlegm. 
  • Hlanza amathuluzi akho - ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza njalo okokusebenza okusebenzisayo, njengama-spacers, ama-peak flow meters, nama-nebulizers. Sebenzisa uketshezi lokugeza noma ulandele imiyalelo enconyiwe enikeziwe. 
  • Gwema ama-trigger - yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ugweme ukuthintana nanoma yiziphi izimbangela ezaziwayo ezingandisa i-COPD yakho, njengentuthu kagwayi, amakhemikhali, noma intuthu. 
  • Gwema ezokuthutha zomphakathi - uma uqashiwe futhi ungakwazi ukusebenzela ekhaya, zama ukugwema ukusebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi lapho kungenzeka khona. 
  • Ukuvikela - uma welulekwa ukuthi uzilolonge ukuvikela, landela isiqondiso osinikezwayo. 
  • Yeka ukubhema - uma ungumuntu obhemayo, zama ukuyeka. Ngeke nje kukusize ukuphatha i-COPD yakho, kodwa futhi kuzonciphisa ingozi yakho COVID-19.

Uma unakekela umuntu one-COPD, qaphela ukuthi amasu okuvula indlela yomoya ukuze afake i-phlegm noma isikhwehlela angethula amaconsi angaba yingozi emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, umuntu osebenzisa amasu kufanele akwenze lokho egumbini elinomoya ohlanzekile kude nabanye abantu ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokusabalalisa izifo ngokungenhloso.  

Ukubuyisa

COVID-19 kuseyigciwane elisha, ngakho ucwaningo nokuqonda ngemiphumela kanye nendlela abantu abalulama ngayo kusaqhubeka. 

Ngokuvamile COVID-19 kuhlanganisa inyumoniya, futhi sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi inyumoniya iyodwa ingathatha iziguli ze-COPD amasonto noma izinyanga ukuthi zilulame, okubonisa ukuthi yimalini COVID-19 kungaba nomthelela ezimpilweni. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukululama kusuka COVID-19 kuyinqubo eyenzeka kancane kancane futhi ingase ibandakanye ukukhuphuka nokwehla. Kujwayelekile ukuthi uzizwe ngemuvaCOVID-19 izimpawu, njengokukhathala, ukuqhubeka nokulahlekelwa iphunga nokunambitha, nokuphefumula. 

Wonke amacala umuntu ngamunye futhi kuncike izici ezifana isigaba se-COPD yakho, iminyaka yakho, nokuthi unzima kangakanani COVID-19 kwaba. 

COVID-19 kungathinta kokubili umzimba nengqondo futhi akuvamile ukuba nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzwelo, njengokwesaba, ukukhathazeka, noma ukukhathazeka ngemva kokuba COVID-19. 

Qondanisa ochwepheshe bakho bezokwelapha ukuthi ungalulama kanjani kangcono kweyakho COVID-19 isipiliyoni, ngenkathi futhi ulawula izimpawu zakho ezijwayelekile ze-COPD. Ungazifaki ingcindezi yokwenza okuningi futhi uthathe usuku ngalunye njengoba luza. Uma uzwa sengathi ungazuza ngokulalela indlebe noma ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezempilo yengqondo, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nemithi yokwelapha engokwengqondo noma yokukhuluma.

IMITHOMBO

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Simons SO, Hurst JR, Miravitles M et al. Ukunakekela iziguli ezine-COPD kanye COVID-19: umbono wokuvusa ingxoxo. I-Thorax. Septhemba 2 2020. 10.1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215095 

Isono DD. COVID-19 ku-COPD: Ukukhathazeka okukhulayo. I-Lancet. Septhemba 19 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100546 

Venkata VS, Kiernan G. COVID-19 kanye ne-COPD: ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kwezifundo zokubheka. Yethulwe ku: the CHEST Umhlangano Wonyaka Obonakalayo; Okthoba 18-21, 2020. Abstract 2469.

Ukuthola kwakho i-Covid. NHS