Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) yisimo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside esingenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imigudu yomoya emaphashini akho ivuvukala, ivalekile, noma ilahlekelwa izimfanelo zayo ezinwebekayo.1

Enye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zeCOPD ukubhema - okuhlanganisa ukuphefumula intuthu kagwayi.1 Ukubhema kuyinto one yezimbangela eziyinhloko, kodwa hhayi kuphela imbangela ye-COPD. Uma une-COPD, ukuyeka ukubhema kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze ulawule isimo sakho futhi usigcine sibi kakhulu.2

Lapho ubhema, uhogela okungaphezu nje kokushiswa kwamaqabunga kagwayi nephepha likagwayi. Kukhona ngaphezu 7,000 amakhemikhali kugwayi, nangaphezulu Ezingama-70 zazo zaziwa ngokudala umdlavuza.3 Uma lokho bekukubi ngokwanele, intuthu nezinhlayiya ozihogelayo ngenkathi ubhema kungalimaza imigudu yakho yokuphefumula kanye namasaka amancane omoya - okuthiwa i-alveoli - atholakala ekujuleni kwamaphaphu akho.1

Ukubhema akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ingozi ye-COPD, kungase futhi:

  • Yenza buthaka amasosha akho omzimba4
  • Yehlisa isikhathi sakho sokuphulukiswa4
  • Khulisa ingozi yakho yokushaywa unhlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, nezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza3
  • Iba nomthelela omubi empilweni yakho yocansi (emadodeni, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, ukuncipha komdlandla wocansi kanye nokungazali)5, 6, 7

Uma ubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezindlela zokuyeka. Kunamathuluzi amaningi nokwelashwa okutholakalayo ukukusiza ukuthi ube “ngumuntu obhemayo wangaphambili.”2

Qaphela: Uma uke wachayeka entuthuni kagwayi, noma uma ubhema noma u-vaped usemusha noma umuntu omdala osemusha, ungase ube nokukhula kancane kwamaphaphu noma izifo zamaphaphu ezingase zandise ingozi yakho ye-COPD kamuva ekuphileni.8

Ogwayi be-elekthronikhi, ababuye babizwe ngokuthi ama-vapes, bangamathuluzi amancane ashisisa uketshezi—ngokuvamile nge-nicotine nesinongo—kube inkungu oyiphefumulayo. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukufutha kuphephile kunokubhema ugwayi ovamile, kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso ngempela.

Inkungu evela ku-e-cigarettes iqukethe izinto eziyingozi njengezinhlayiya ezincane, izinsimbi ezisindayo, namakhemikhali angalimaza amaphaphu akho futhi akwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula.9 I-Vaping nayo iye yaxhunyaniswa nezinkinga zenhliziyo kanye nezinga lomoya eliphansi ekhaya—njengentuthu kagwayi kagwayi.10,11

I-Nicotine iyisithako esiyinhloko kuma-e-cigarettes amaningi. Iyalutha kakhulu futhi ingaba yingozi ikakhulukazi entsheni nakubantu abadala. Abantu abaqala ukufutha besebancane kungenzeka ukuthi bazame ukubhema ugwayi ovamile kamuva.12

Akubona bonke ababhemayo abazoba ne-COPD, kodwa ukubhema kwandisa kakhulu amathuba akho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka yokubhema, kufika ku-40% wabantu ababhemayo bazoba ne-COPD.2

Futhi khumbula: ukubhema akuyona ukuphela kwembangela yeCOPD. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-30 abantu abane-COPD abakaze babheme nhlobo13. Laba bantu kungenzeka bachayeke kwezinye izinto eziyingozi njengokungcoliswa komoya, ukuchayeka emsebenzini, noma amakhemikhali.13

Ngokuvamile, i-COPD ibangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma ukulimala emaphashini. Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa:14

  • Umlando womndeni wesifo samaphaphu
  • Ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya, uthuli, intuthu, noma amakhemikhali (ikakhulukazi emsebenzini)
  • Izifo ezimbi kakhulu zamaphaphu ngesikhathi sobuntwana
  • Iminyaka yobudala
  • Isimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi ukushoda kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin

Uma uneCOPD, ukuyeka ukubhema kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongayenza empilweni yakho. Ngeke ihlehlise umonakalo owenziwe, kodwa inganciphisa ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kangakanani.1

Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abaneCOPD abayeka ukubhema mancane amathuba okuthi alaliswe esibhedlela futhi bavame ukuba impilo engcono yesikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abaqhubeka nokubhema.16

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uqhubeka nokubhema, ungase:

  • Yiba nokuqubuka kaningi kwe-COPD19
  • Chitha isikhathi esengeziwe esibhedlela noma lapho ubona khona udokotela20
  • Izwa ukuphelelwa umoya okwengeziwe19
  • Fushanisa ubude bempilo yakho16

Ayikho impendulo elula yokuthi umuntu angaphila isikhathi esingakanani neCOPD uma eqhubeka nokubhema—kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengesigaba seCOPD yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, nokuthi ubhema kangakanani.1

Yini thina do yazi ukuthi ukubhema kufinyeza impilo yakho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abane-COPD abaqhubeka bebhema banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu eziya ziba zimbi, ukuqubuka okuvamisile, kanye nengozi enkulu yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abayeka ukuyeka.16

Uma uzibuza ukuthi umkhuba wakho wokubhema ungathinta kanjani impilo yakho noma ubude besikhathi sokuphila, khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza uqonde ubungozi bakho futhi basebenzisane nawe ohlelweni lokuyeka. Akukephuzi kakhulu ukuzuza ngokuma.2

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yokuba ne-COPD ukugwema ukubhema nokuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi1. Lokhu kokubili kungenza umonakalo ohlala njalo emigudwini yakho yomoya nasemaphashini.

Kodwa ukubhema akuyona kuphela imbangela ye-COPD. Abanye abantu baba nalesi sifo ngenxa yalokhu:

  • I-Genetics (njengokuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin)16
  • Izifo zamaphaphu ezingane15
  • Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside othulini, intuthu, noma ukungcola13
  • Ukupheka kwasendlini ngezibaseli ze-biomass18

Yingakho ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Ukubamba i-COPD kusenesikhathi futhi uqale ukwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ukuvikela amaphaphu akho ekulimaleni okwengeziwe futhi kukugcina uzizwa ungcono kakhulu.1

Okubhekwayo