Uma unayo COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona) noma ukunakekela othile owenza kanjalo, ungase uzibuze ngokuqina kwe-COPD, ubude besikhathi sokuphila (isilinganiso sesikhathi umuntu azophila ngaso lapho exilongwa), kanye nezinguquko ongayenza ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu yezempilo nge-COPD yakho.

I-COPD yisifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (esihlala isikhathi eside) esingaba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba lingekho ikhambi le-COPD, ukwelashwa kuyatholakala okungabambezela ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo.

Izandla ezibambe amaphaphu angokomfanekiso

Ukuhlola ubukhali be-COPD, ochwepheshe basebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okubizwa nge-force expiratory volume (FEV1). Idatha ye-FEV1 ukuhlola kukala ukuthi ungakanani umoya umuntu angawuphefumula ngomzuzwana owodwa, esebenzisa ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-spirometer.

Ngokohlelo lweGOLIDE, zikhona izigaba ezine ze-COPD:

  1. I-COPD encane = IGOLIDE 1 (FEV1 ingu-≥ 80%)
  2. I-COPD emaphakathi = IGOLIDE 2 (FEV1 iphakathi kuka-50-79%)
  3. I-COPD enzima = IGOLIDE 3 (FEV1 iphakathi kuka-30-49%)
  4. I-COPD enzima kakhulu = IGOLIDE 4 (FEV1 ingu <30%)

Uhlelo lweGOLIDE luphinde lucubungule ezinye izici, njengezinkinga ezithile zokuphefumula kanye nenani lokuqubuka komlilo umuntu ngokuvamile abhekana nakho. Amaphuzu aphezulu esikalini seGOLD ngokuvamile abonisa i-COPD embi kakhulu, engaxhunyaniswa neminyaka yokuphila ephansi.

Esikhundleni sokugxila kuphela ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwesifo sakho, kungasiza ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuphatha kangcono i-COPD yakho. Lokhu kubalulekile noma ngabe ukusiphi isigaba sesimo sakho.

Esinye isikali esivame ukusetshenziswa eceleni kwesistimu yeGOLD yisikali se-BODE, esimele I-Body Mass Index (BMI), i-Obstruction (i-airflow blockage), i-Dyspnea (ukuphefumula), kanye namandla okuzivocavoca. Lesi sikali sisiza ukuhlola ukuthi i-COPD iyithinta kanjani impilo yomuntu ngokufaka amaphuzu alandelayo:

  • BMI
    • Isebenzisa ubude nesisindo ukulinganisa amafutha omzimba
    • Ukuba ne-COPD kungabangela izinkinga ngokuphathwa kwesisindo
  • Ukuvinjwa kokugeleza komoya
    • Isebenzisa imiphumela evela ku-FEV1 nezinye izivivinyo zemisebenzi yamaphaphu ukuze kutholwe ukuthi kuvinjwe kangakanani ukugeleza komoya
    • Isikhathi esengeziwe se-COPD singajiyisa izindonga zendlela yokuphefumula, kuvimbe ukuphefumula, futhi kwenze kube nzima nakakhulu
  • Dyspnea
    • Ikala ukuthi umuntu unobunzima obungakanani ngokuphefumula
  • Sebenzisa amandla
    • Kukalwa ngokuthi umuntu angahamba ibanga elingakanani ngemizuzu eyisithupha
    • Lokhu kubonisa umsebenzi omningi womzimba umuntu angakwazi ukuwulawula

Ngemva kokucubungula zonke izici, amaphuzu e-BODE phakathi kwe-0 ne-10 anqunywa, ne-10 ebonisa izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, ingozi eyengeziwe yokulaliswa esibhedlela, nemiphumela yezempilo empofu.

Nakuba amathuluzi okuhlola afana ne-GOLD ne-BODE ewusizo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi anikeza izilinganiso kuphela. Azinqumi ubude bokuphila bangempela bomuntu noma izinga lempilo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila, kanye nokwelashwa kungabambezela ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu ze-COPD. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulalela umzimba wakho futhi wazi ukuthi kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha nini.

Ingabe ezinye izindaba zezempilo ezihlobene ne-COPD?

I-COPD ingaholela kwezinye izinkinga zempilo. Lokhu sikubiza ngama-comorbidities. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha lapho kudingeka.

Kubantu abane-COPD emnene, izifo zenhliziyo-ezithinta inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi-yizinkinga ezivame kakhulu. I-COPD ingabuye ixhunywe nezimo ezifana nalezi:

  • Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
  • Ukuhluleka kokuphefumula
  • Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu
  • I-pulmonary embolism (amahlule egazi lamaphaphu)
  • I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile)
  • Umdlavuza we-Lung

Isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abane-COPD siyahlukahluka ngenxa yezinto eziningi futhi akuyona isayensi eqondile. Izinto ezifana neyakho izimpawu, ubudala, impilo, imikhuba yokubhema, nokuqhubeka kwesifo sakho. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungazilawula kanjani i-COPD yakho futhi uhlale unempilo kanye nokushuba (ukuqubuka) mahhala.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative kuwukunakekela okugxile esigulini kanye nomndeni okuhloswe ngakho ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho nokukhulula ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative akuhloselwe kuphela ukuphela kwempilo, kodwa kungasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yohambo lwakho nesifo esingamahlalakhona. Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule kangcono izimpawu zakho, uthuthukise izinga lempilo, unciphise ukuvakashela esibhedlela, futhi usekele amalungu omndeni. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokunakekelwa kwe-palliative ekuqaleni kohambo lwakho lwe-COPD.

I-Hospice - noma ukunakekelwa kokuphela kokuphila - kuwuhlobo olulodwa lokunakekelwa kwe-palliative, futhi ingaba usizo kakhulu kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho ekuphileni izinsuku zakho ezisele ngokusekelwa nesithunzi.

  • Ukuyeka ukubhema   
    • Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuyeka ukubhema ngisho nangemva kokuxilongwa kwe-COPD kunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwesifo.
    • Nakuba ukuyeka ukubhema kusiza kunoma yisiphi isigaba se-COPD, uma umuntu eyeka ngokushesha, kuba ngcono.
  • Ukuvakashela udokotela njalo
    • Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kungasiza ukuqapha izimpawu, kubambe izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi, futhi kulawule ukwelashwa.
  • Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
    • Ukulahlekelwa isisindo esiningi, ukudla okunempilo, futhi ukuzivocavoca ngokuphepha, uma kungenzeka, konke kungathuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo.
  • Gwema ukuphefumula ezintweni ezicasula amaphaphu
    • Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukungcola, impova, uthuli, intuthu, izinto zokuhlanza, namanye amakha.
  • Sebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza umoya ekhaya
    • Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi abantu abane-COPD baba nezimpawu ezithuthukisiwe besebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya zasendlini
  • Ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo
  • Izivivinyo zokuphefumula ze-COPD
  • Hlala u-hydrated
    • Ukuhlala ungenawo amanzi kungaba amafinyila amancane emaphashini, okwenza kube lula ukukhwehlela nokusula imigudu yokuphefumula.

Kwa-GAAPP, sifuna ukunika iziguli amandla ngoba wonke umuntu ufanelwe ukuphila ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokuthi izimpawu zabo ziphazamise izimpilo zabo. Thola okwengeziwe mayelana Nomqulu wethu Weziguli lapha.

izandla ezindala ezithintayo

Imithombo

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