Uma ukhona kutholakale ukuthi une-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi usiphatha kanjani isimo sakho. Nakuba lingekho ikhambi le-COPD, ukuphatha kahle kungasiza ekubambezeleni ukuqhubeka kwayo, kunciphise ingozi yokwanda nokugcina izimpawu zilawulwa.
Iphathwa kanjani i-COPD?
I-COPD ivamise ukuphathwa ngohlu lwemithi kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila enempilo. Bangu izigaba ezahlukene ze-COPD, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kanye nohlelo lokuphatha olunconyelwe wena lungase lwehluke kancane kumuntu otholakala enesimo esibucayi noma esinzima kakhulu se-COPD.
Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD
Okunye okujwayelekile Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD ezingase zinqunywe zihlanganisa:
- Imithi ehogelwayo ebizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchodilator, esiza ukuphumuza izicubu ezizungeze imigudu yakho yokuphefumula
- Ama-inhalers e-steroid ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yakho yomoya
- Ukwelashwa ngeoksijini uma unamazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini
- Uhlelo lokuvuselela i-pulmonary ukukusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuphefumula kalula.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, futhi uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi, kungase kuphakanyiswe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe izingxenye ezilimele zamaphaphu akho.
Ukuzivocavoca kokulawula ukuphefumula kwe-COPD
Ukuphelelwa umoya kuyisihluthulelo uphawu lwe-COPD, kanjalo nokufunda izindlela zokuphefumula kanye izivivinyo zokulawula umoya ingakusiza ukuthi uyilawule ngempumelelo. Ukuzivocavoca okufana nodebe olugxiliwe noma amasu e-diaphragmatic kufanelekile ukuzijwayeza njalo. Zingasiza ukuqinisa imisipha oyisebenzisela ukuphefumula futhi kukhulise ukuzethemba kwakho, ukuze wazi ukuthi uziphatha kanjani izinto uma izimpawu zenzeka.
Ukuzivocavoca nge-COPD
Kungase kubonakale kunzima ukuzivocavoca nge-COPD, kodwa ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekudambiseni ezinye zezimpawu zakho futhi kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphatha kwakho i-COPD. Imisebenzi efana nokuhamba, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, noma ukuvocavoca umzimba kunenzuzo kuwe ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi ilungele inhlalakahle yakho ngokomzwelo.
Ukuzijwayeza ukuphefumula kuzokubeka ethubeni lokwenza imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njengoba uzoba nekhono lokuphefumula ngendlela efanele izidingo zakho futhi kuzothuthukisa ukuthi kungakanani ukuvivinya umzimba okwaziyo ukukwenza.
Ukudla kwe-COPD
Njengezinye izimo eziningi zempilo, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco okunempilo kunenzuzo. Uma ukhuluphele, ungase ukuthole uphelelwa umoya futhi ukuncipha komzimba kungasiza. Ukuhlanganisa ukudla okunempilo nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekwehleni nasekugcineni isisindo.
Ukuphila kahle ngokomzwelo
Ukuphila ne-COPD kungafaka ubunzima enhlalakahleni yakho yengqondo nengokomzwelo, futhi kungaba nzima kubangani noma umndeni ukukubona ungaphilile. Ukuhlala ubhekana nezimpawu ze-COPD, njengokukhwehlela nokuphelelwa umoya, kungakuqeda amandla futhi kukushiye ukhathazekile, ucindezelekile, noma uphansi. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kungakwenza ube mancane amathuba okuthi ungasebenzi, okungaba nomthelela ezimpawini zakho zomzimba.
Kubalulekile ukuzinakekela futhi uzinike isikhathi sokuzijwayeza ukuzinakekela. Zinike isikhathi sokugxila kuwena, kungaba ukufunda incwadi, ukubukela ifilimu, noma ukuyophuza ikhofi. Khuluma nabanye abantu mayelana nendlela ozizwa ngayo futhi ucabange ukuthola iqembu lendawo noma le-inthanethi lokusekela ukuze ujoyine. Ukukhuluma nomeluleki nakho kungasiza. Awudingi ukuphatha i-COPD uwedwa.
Imithi yokugoma kanye ne-COPD
I-COPD ingakhuphula ubungozi bakho bokutheleleka futhi yenze kube nzima ukulwa nayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ube ne-flu jab yaminyaka yonke, ukugoma i-pneumococcal (ukuphumula okukodwa), kanye COVID-19 imigomo. Uma ungamenywanga ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ube nazo, khuluma nodokotela wakho womndeni.
Funda kabanzi lapha mayelana namandla okugoma kubantu abanesifo esingelapheki sokuphefumula.
Luyini uhlelo lokuphatha lwe-COPD?
Uhlelo lokuphatha lwe-COPD luyisiqondiso sendlela yokuphatha isimo sakho usuku nosuku. Uma uxilongwa, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho nethimba lezokwelapha bazokusiza uhlanganise uhlelo lokuzilawula, ukuze uqonde izisekelo zendlela yokuphatha lesi sifo kangcono.
Uhlelo lokuphatha lwe-COPD lwenzelwe izidingo zakho futhi luzohluka kuye ngesigaba i-COPD yakho ekuso. Lesi esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo udokotela kanye nokubuyekezwa, ukuze inqubekelaphambili yakho iqashwe futhi uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha lulungiswe.
Uhlelo lwakho kufanele luhlanganise nemithi oyinikeziwe, izivivinyo zokuphefumula, nokudla kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okungcono kakhulu, nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo. Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuphatha lwe-COPD ukugwema izinto ezingase zibangele lapho kungenzeka khona. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu noma zibangele ukuqubuka.
Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zezimpawu ze-COPD ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya, intuthu kagwayi, intuthu yomgwaqo, ukubhema ugwayi, nothuli. Uma njengamanje ubhema, kuyancomeka ukuba yeka ukubhema ukuze usize iCOPD yakho. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuyeka ukubhema kunganciphisa ingozi yokulaliswa esibhedlela ezigulini ezineCOPD.
Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-COPD enzima?
Alukho uhlobo olulodwa lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu lwe-COPD enzima - ukwelashwa okunconywa udokotela wakho kuzoncika ngokuphelele kuzimpawu nezimo zakho, futhi ukwelashwa kwakho kuzofanelana nezidingo zakho. Nge-COPD eqinile, cishe uzodinga inhlanganisela yokwelashwa, kunokwelashwa okukodwa.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-COPD, ukuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe izingxenye ezilimele zamaphaphu, okuvumela izingxenye ezinempilo ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Ezimweni ezimbalwa, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungase kube inketho.
Kubalulekile ukuthi unamathele esimisweni esinqunyiwe futhi uhlele nanoma yimiphi imithi oyinikeziwe, njengoba lokho kuzokunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokudambisa izimpawu futhi ugweme ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
Yikuphi ukwelashwa kwakamuva kwe-COPD?
Ucwaningo nge-COPD luyaqhubeka futhi njengoba kutholakala izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha, kancane kancane zitholakala ukuze zizanywe. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kugunyazwe, nakuba ungase ukwazi ukufinyelela isilingo somtholampilo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yini etholakala esifundeni sakho nokuthi ingabe ungumuntu ofanelekayo yini.
I-Roflumilast
Enye yezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zokwengeza i-bronchodilator ezigulini ezinzima ze-COPD i-Roflumilast, engasiza nge-bronchitis engapheli kanye nomlando wokunyuka okuvamile. Ilawulwa ngendlela yamaphilisi futhi isiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya nasemaphashini.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve ye-Endobronchial kuyindlela entsha yokungenelela yokuhlinzwa okuhloswe ngayo kubantu abane-emphysema enzima. Kubandakanya ukufaka amavalvu amancanyana e-Zephyr® emzileni womoya ukuze avimbe izingxenye zamaphaphu ezilimele. Le nqubo ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezela ku-diaphragm yakho, isize izingxenye ezinempilo zamaphaphu akho ukuthi zisebenze ngokuphumelelayo, futhi inciphise ukuphefumula.
I-Biologics
Ngokuzayo, kungenzeka ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-biologic ze-COPD zingase zibe yinto evamile. I-Biologics imithi eyenziwe noma equkethe imithombo yezinto eziphilayo futhi ingasiza ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ekusebenzeni kokwelashwa kwe-biologic kwe-COPD.
Thola ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani kangcono i-COPD yakho zokwelapha futhi umzimba.
Imithombo
Umkhuba Ongcono Kakhulu we-BMJ - Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo (COPD)
I-BNF. Isifo se-pulmonary esingamahlalakhona.
Kusumoto M, Mathis BJ. 2021. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Biologic Kwe-asthma kanye ne-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder. I-Allergies, 92-107.
Imanuwali ye-MSD. Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo (COPD).
KUHLE. 2019. Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary in over 16s: ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa. Isiqondiso se-NICE NG115.
KUHLE. 2016. Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary kubantu abadala. Ikhwalithi ejwayelekile ye-QS10.
Van Dijk M, Gan CT, Koster TD et al. 2020. Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD ezinzile: indlela ye-multidimensional yezici ezilapheka. I-ERJ Open Research 2020 6: 00322-2019; I-DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00322-2019