Asthma & Viruses

Asthma is a respiratory condition that affects over 300 million people globally. [1] It can make your airways sensitive, inflamed, and narrower, producing excess mucus.

Anyone, with or without asthma, can become seriously ill from catching a virus, though some people are more at risk than others. If you have asthma, your risk may be higher if it is moderate to severe asthma [2] or asthma that is not well controlled.

There are many other interacting risk factors, so it’s important that you consider if any might be relevant to you. For example, your chance of becoming seriously ill increases particularly if you have co-existing health problems [3], including other respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or lung cancer. Further risk factors include being an older adult, having a weakened immune system, obesity [4], and pregnancy. [5]

You can keep your risk level to a minimum by doing your best to avoid being exposed to illnesses, keeping your asthma under control, and quitting smoking if you still smoke.

How Can I Minimize Exposure to Viruses?

• Wash your hands frequently, or use hand sanitizer when you don’t have soap
  and water available. [6]
• Keep frequently-touched surfaces clean, like door knobs, counter tops, mobile phones, and remote controls. [7]
• Avoid touching your face to keep germs away from your eyes, nose, and mouth.
• Stay away from people who are sick, and stay home if you’re sick.
• If possible, work from home if needed.
• Do not share inhalers or spacers with others, including family members.
• Eat healthy foods high in vitamins and minerals, like meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables. Eating a variety of healthy foods can help boost your immune system and protect you from viruses. [8]
• Make sure the air in your home is clean and well-ventilated by using the correct filters in your heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) system, and consider using an indoor air purifier. [9]

Plan ahead by getting the vaccines [10] your doctor recommends (e.g., flu, shingles, COVID-19) and maintaining an Asthma Action Plan [11] created with your health care team.

 When Should I Seek Help With Viruses and Asthma?

If you are getting asthma symptoms more often than usual, talk to your doctor. [12]

Some respiratory virus symptoms are similar to the signs of an asthma attack – in particular cough and breathlessness or chest tightness. Your Asthma Action Plan will help you to recognise and manage your asthma symptoms.

An asthma attack is an emergency. You must not delay medical care. Follow the steps on your Asthma Action Plan to obtain your usual emergency medical care, including going to the hospital emergency department if you need to.